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ui/docs/content/3.forms/10.form.md
2023-09-07 15:13:48 +02:00

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---
description: Collect and validate form data.
links:
- label: GitHub
icon: i-simple-icons-github
to: https://github.com/nuxt/ui/blob/dev/src/runtime/components/forms/Form.vue
---
## Usage
Use the Form component to validate form data using schema libraries such as [Yup](https://github.com/jquense/yup), [Zod](https://github.com/colinhacks/zod), [Joi](https://github.com/hapijs/joi) or your own validation logic. It works seamlessly with the FormGroup component to automatically display error messages around form elements.
The Form component requires the `validate` and `state` props for form validation.
- `state` - a reactive object that holds the current state of the form.
- `validate` - a function that takes the form's state as input and returns an array of `FormError` objects with the following fields:
- `message` - the error message to display.
- `path` - the path to the form element matching the `name`.
::component-example
#default
:form-example-basic{class="space-y-4 w-60"}
#code
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
import type { FormError, FormSubmitEvent } from '@nuxt/ui/dist/runtime/types'
const state = ref({
email: undefined,
password: undefined
})
const validate = (state: any): FormError[] => {
const errors = []
if (!state.email) errors.push({ path: 'email', message: 'Required' })
if (!state.password) errors.push({ path: 'password', message: 'Required' })
return errors
}
async function submit (event: FormSubmitEvent<any>) {
// Do something with data
console.log(event.data)
}
</script>
<template>
<UForm
:validate="validate"
:state="state"
@submit="submit"
>
<UFormGroup label="Email" name="email">
<UInput v-model="state.email" />
</UFormGroup>
<UFormGroup label="Password" name="password">
<UInput v-model="state.password" type="password" />
</UFormGroup>
<UButton type="submit">
Submit
</UButton>
</UForm>
</template>
```
::
## Schema
You can provide a schema from [Yup](#yup), [Zod](#zod) or [Joi](#joi) through the `schema` prop to validate the state. It's important to note that **none of these libraries are included** by default, so make sure to **install the one you need**.
### Yup
::component-example
#default
:form-example-yup{class="space-y-4 w-60"}
#code
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
import { object, string, InferType } from 'yup'
import type { FormSubmitEvent } from '@nuxt/ui/dist/runtime/types'
const schema = object({
email: string().email('Invalid email').required('Required'),
password: string()
.min(8, 'Must be at least 8 characters')
.required('Required')
})
type Schema = InferType<typeof schema>
const state = ref({
email: undefined,
password: undefined
})
async function submit (event: FormSubmitEvent<Schema>) {
// Do something with event.data
console.log(event.data)
}
</script>
<template>
<UForm
:schema="schema"
:state="state"
@submit="submit"
>
<UFormGroup label="Email" name="email">
<UInput v-model="state.email" />
</UFormGroup>
<UFormGroup label="Password" name="password">
<UInput v-model="state.password" type="password" />
</UFormGroup>
<UButton type="submit">
Submit
</UButton>
</UForm>
</template>
```
::
### Zod
::component-example
#default
:form-example-zod{class="space-y-4 w-60"}
#code
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
import { z } from 'zod'
import type { FormSubmitEvent } from '@nuxt/ui/dist/runtime/types'
const schema = z.object({
email: z.string().email('Invalid email'),
password: z.string().min(8, 'Must be at least 8 characters')
})
type Schema = z.output<typeof schema>
const state = ref({
email: undefined,
password: undefined
})
async function submit (event: FormSubmitEvent<Schema>) {
// Do something with data
console.log(event.data)
}
</script>
<template>
<UForm
:schema="schema"
:state="state"
@submit="submit"
>
<UFormGroup label="Email" name="email">
<UInput v-model="state.email" />
</UFormGroup>
<UFormGroup label="Password" name="password">
<UInput v-model="state.password" type="password" />
</UFormGroup>
<UButton type="submit">
Submit
</UButton>
</UForm>
</template>
```
::
### Joi
::component-example
#default
:form-example-joi{class="space-y-4 w-60"}
#code
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Joi from 'joi'
import type { FormSubmitEvent } from '@nuxt/ui/dist/runtime/types'
const schema = Joi.object({
email: Joi.string().required(),
password: Joi.string()
.min(8)
.required()
})
const state = ref({
email: undefined,
password: undefined
})
async function submit (event: FormSubmitEvent<any>) {
// Do something with event.data
console.log(event.data)
}
</script>
<template>
<UForm
:schema="schema"
:state="state"
@submit="submit"
>
<UFormGroup label="Email" name="email">
<UInput v-model="state.email" />
</UFormGroup>
<UFormGroup label="Password" name="password">
<UInput v-model="state.password" type="password" />
</UFormGroup>
<UButton type="submit">
Submit
</UButton>
</UForm>
</template>
```
::
## Other libraries
For other validation libraries, you can define your own component with custom validation logic.
Here is an example with [Vuelidate](https://github.com/vuelidate/vuelidate):
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import useVuelidate from '@vuelidate/core'
const props = defineProps({
rules: { type: Object, required: true },
model: { type: Object, required: true }
})
const form = ref();
const v = useVuelidate(props.rules, props.model)
async function validateWithVuelidate() {
v.value.$touch()
await v.value.$validate()
return v.value.$errors.map((error) => ({
message: error.$message,
path: error.$propertyPath,
}))
}
defineExpose({
validate: async () => {
await form.value.validate()
}
})
</script>
<template>
<UForm ref="form" :model="model" :validate="validateWithVuelidate">
<slot />
</UForm>
</template>
```
## Backend validation
You can manually set errors after form submission if required. To do this, simply use the `form.setErrors` function to set the errors as needed.
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import type { FormError, FormSubmitEvent } from '@nuxt/ui/dist/runtime/types'
const state = ref({
email: undefined,
password: undefined
})
const form = ref()
async function submit (event: FormSubmitEvent<any>) {
form.value.clear()
const response = await fetch('...')
if (!response.status === 422) {
const errors = await response.json()
form.value.setErrors(errors.map((err) => {
// Map validation errors to { path: string, message: string }
}))
} else {
// ...
}
}
</script>
<template>
<UForm ref="form" :state="state" @submit="submit">
<UFormGroup label="Email" name="email">
<UInput v-model="state.email" />
</UFormGroup>
<UFormGroup label="Password" name="password">
<UInput v-model="state.password" type="password" />
</UFormGroup>
<UButton type="submit">
Submit
</UButton>
</UForm>
</template>
```
## Input events
The Form component automatically triggers validation upon `submit`, `input`, `blur` or `change` events. This ensures that any errors are displayed as soon as the user interacts with the form elements. You can control when validation happens this using the `validate-on` prop.
::component-example
#default
:form-example-elements{class="space-y-4 w-60"}
::
## Props
:component-props
## API
::field-group
::field{name="validate (path?: string, opts: { silent?: boolean })" type="Promise<T>"}
Triggers form validation. Will raise any errors unless `opts.silent` is set to true.
::
::field{name="clear (path?: string)" type="void"}
Clears form errors associated with a specific path. If no path is provided, clears all form errors.
::
::field{name="getErrors (path?: string)" type="FormError[]"}
Retrieves form errors associated with a specific path. If no path is provided, returns all form errors.
::
::field{name="setErrors (errors: FormError[], path?: string)" type="void"}
Sets form errors for a given path. If no path is provided, overrides all errors.
::
::field{name="errors" type="Ref<FormError[]>"}
A reference to the array containing validation errors. Use this to access or manipulate the error information.
::
::